diff --git a/app/Services/SopTemplateService.php b/app/Services/SopTemplateService.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73aa53d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Services/SopTemplateService.php
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Models\SopTemplate;
+use App\Models\SopTemplateVersion;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+
+class SopTemplateService
+{
+    /**
+     * 导出模板为 JSON 格式
+     *
+     * @param SopTemplate $template
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function exportToJson(SopTemplate $template): string
+    {
+        $data = [
+            'template' => [
+                'name' => $template->name,
+                'description' => $template->description,
+                'category' => $template->category,
+                'tags' => $template->tags,
+                'version' => $template->version,
+                'applicable_departments' => $template->applicable_departments,
+                'applicable_positions' => $template->applicable_positions,
+            ],
+            'steps' => $template->steps->map(function ($step) {
+                return [
+                    'step_number' => $step->step_number,
+                    'title' => $step->title,
+                    'content' => $step->content,
+                    'sort_order' => $step->sort_order,
+                    'is_required' => $step->is_required,
+                    'interactive_tasks' => $step->interactiveTasks->map(function ($task) {
+                        return [
+                            'task_type' => $task->task_type,
+                            'task_config' => $task->task_config,
+                            'validation_rules' => $task->validation_rules,
+                            'timeout_seconds' => $task->timeout_seconds,
+                            'is_required' => $task->is_required,
+                        ];
+                    })->toArray(),
+                ];
+            })->toArray(),
+            'exported_at' => now()->toIso8601String(),
+            'exported_by' => auth()->user()?->name,
+        ];
+
+        return json_encode($data, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 从 JSON 导入模板
+     *
+     * @param string $json
+     * @return SopTemplate
+     * @throws ValidationException
+     */
+    public function importFromJson(string $json): SopTemplate
+    {
+        $data = json_decode($json, true);
+
+        if (json_last_error() !== JSON_ERROR_NONE) {
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                'file' => ['无效的 JSON 格式'],
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        // 验证数据结构
+        $validator = Validator::make($data, [
+            'template' => 'required|array',
+            'template.name' => 'required|string|max:255',
+            'template.version' => 'required|string|max:50',
+            'steps' => 'required|array|min:1',
+            'steps.*.step_number' => 'required|integer',
+            'steps.*.title' => 'required|string|max:255',
+        ]);
+
+        if ($validator->fails()) {
+            throw new ValidationException($validator);
+        }
+
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($data) {
+            // 创建模板
+            $template = SopTemplate::create([
+                'name' => $data['template']['name'],
+                'description' => $data['template']['description'] ?? null,
+                'category' => $data['template']['category'] ?? null,
+                'tags' => $data['template']['tags'] ?? [],
+                'version' => $data['template']['version'],
+                'status' => 'draft',
+                'applicable_departments' => $data['template']['applicable_departments'] ?? [],
+                'applicable_positions' => $data['template']['applicable_positions'] ?? [],
+                'created_by' => auth()->id(),
+            ]);
+
+            // 创建步骤
+            foreach ($data['steps'] as $stepData) {
+                $step = $template->steps()->create([
+                    'step_number' => $stepData['step_number'],
+                    'title' => $stepData['title'],
+                    'content' => $stepData['content'] ?? null,
+                    'sort_order' => $stepData['sort_order'] ?? $stepData['step_number'],
+                    'is_required' => $stepData['is_required'] ?? true,
+                ]);
+
+                // 创建交互任务
+                if (!empty($stepData['interactive_tasks'])) {
+                    foreach ($stepData['interactive_tasks'] as $taskData) {
+                        $step->interactiveTasks()->create([
+                            'task_type' => $taskData['task_type'],
+                            'task_config' => $taskData['task_config'] ?? [],
+                            'validation_rules' => $taskData['validation_rules'] ?? [],
+                            'timeout_seconds' => $taskData['timeout_seconds'] ?? null,
+                            'is_required' => $taskData['is_required'] ?? true,
+                        ]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return $template;
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 发布模板
+     *
+     * @param SopTemplate $template
+     * @param string|null $changeLog
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function publish(SopTemplate $template, ?string $changeLog = null): void
+    {
+        // 创建版本快照
+        $this->createVersion($template, $changeLog);
+
+        // 更新状态
+        $template->update([
+            'status' => 'published',
+            'published_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 创建版本快照
+     *
+     * @param SopTemplate $template
+     * @param string|null $changeLog
+     * @return SopTemplateVersion
+     */
+    public function createVersion(SopTemplate $template, ?string $changeLog = null): SopTemplateVersion
+    {
+        return SopTemplateVersion::create([
+            'sop_template_id' => $template->id,
+            'version' => $template->version,
+            'change_log' => $changeLog ?? '版本快照',
+            'content_snapshot' => [
+                'template' => $template->toArray(),
+                'steps' => $template->steps->map(function ($step) {
+                    return array_merge($step->toArray(), [
+                        'interactive_tasks' => $step->interactiveTasks->toArray(),
+                    ]);
+                })->toArray(),
+            ],
+            'created_by' => auth()->id(),
+            'created_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 归档模板
+     *
+     * @param SopTemplate $template
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function archive(SopTemplate $template): void
+    {
+        $template->update([
+            'status' => 'archived',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 复制模板
+     *
+     * @param SopTemplate $template
+     * @param string $newName
+     * @return SopTemplate
+     */
+    public function duplicate(SopTemplate $template, string $newName): SopTemplate
+    {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($template, $newName) {
+            // 复制模板
+            $newTemplate = $template->replicate();
+            $newTemplate->name = $newName;
+            $newTemplate->status = 'draft';
+            $newTemplate->published_at = null;
+            $newTemplate->created_by = auth()->id();
+            $newTemplate->save();
+
+            // 复制步骤
+            foreach ($template->steps as $step) {
+                $newStep = $step->replicate();
+                $newStep->sop_template_id = $newTemplate->id;
+                $newStep->save();
+
+                // 复制交互任务
+                foreach ($step->interactiveTasks as $task) {
+                    $newTask = $task->replicate();
+                    $newTask->sop_step_id = $newStep->id;
+                    $newTask->save();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return $newTemplate;
+        });
+    }
+}